PANAMA CITY, FL – Health officials are urging heightened public awareness after a 78-year-old man died from an infection caused by Vibrio vulnificus, a naturally occurring bacterium found in warm seawater. The death, which occurred at a Bay County hospital on August 4, marks the second fatal case in the county this year and the fifth across the state of Florida in 2025.

The Florida Department of Health (FDOH) confirmed the fatality on Wednesday, renewing warnings for residents and tourists, especially those with underlying health conditions. According to state data, there have been 27 reported cases of Vibrio vulnificus infection in Florida this year. While infections remain relatively rare, the bacterium can cause life-threatening illness, particularly when it enters the bloodstream.

Vibrio vulnificus is often sensationalized as a "flesh-eating" bacteria because it can cause necrotizing fasciitis, a severe infection that leads to the rapid decay of soft tissue. However, health experts clarify that this is a rare complication. Most infections result from consuming raw or undercooked shellfish, particularly oysters, or when an open wound is exposed to contaminated saltwater or brackish water.

Understanding the Threat

The bacterium thrives in warm coastal waters, making Florida's beaches and estuaries prime environments for its proliferation, especially during the summer and early fall months. Symptoms of a Vibrio vulnificus infection can appear within 24 hours of exposure.

When ingested, the bacteria can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and severe abdominal pain. If it enters the body through a cut or scrape, it can lead to a skin infection with symptoms like redness, swelling, intense pain, and blistering.

The greatest danger arises when the bacteria enter the bloodstream, a condition known as septicemia. This can lead to a rapid drop in blood pressure, blistering skin lesions, and organ failure. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that bloodstream infections are fatal in about 50% of cases.

High-Risk Groups and Official Recommendations

Individuals with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to severe complications. The FDOH has identified several high-risk groups, including people with:

• Chronic liver disease
• Cancer
• Diabetes
• HIV/AIDS
• Thalassemia, an inherited blood disorder

Officials stress that healthy individuals are at a much lower risk of serious illness but should still exercise caution.

In response to the recent fatalities, the Florida Department of Health in Bay County has re-issued public safety guidelines:

• Avoid Raw Shellfish: Thoroughly cook all shellfish, especially oysters, before consumption.
• Protect Open Wounds: Do not enter saltwater or brackish water if you have any open cuts, scrapes, or fresh piercings. If exposure is unavoidable, cover wounds with a waterproof bandage.
• Wash Thoroughly: If you come into contact with seawater or raw seafood, wash your hands and any exposed skin with soap and water immediately.
• Seek Immediate Care: If you develop symptoms of a skin infection or illness after exposure, seek medical attention right away and inform your doctor about your potential contact with seawater or raw shellfish.

As Florida continues to experience high water temperatures, health experts anticipate that the risk of Vibrio vulnificus infections will persist. They emphasize that prompt medical treatment with antibiotics is crucial for a positive outcome.

Public awareness remains the most effective tool in preventing further tragedies. By understanding the risks and taking simple precautions, residents and visitors can safely enjoy Florida's coastal waters.